Leetcode 1276. Number of Burgers with No Waste of Ingredients

Problem Explanation

This problem is about a burger restaurant which only sells two types of burger:

• "Jumbo" which needs 4 tomato slices and 1 cheese slice and
• "Small" which needs 2 tomato slices and 1 cheese slice.

Given a certain amount of tomato and cheese slices, the task is to find out how many Jumbo and Small burgers can be made without any waste of ingredients. If it is not possible to use up all the ingredients by making either type of burger, then the answer should be an empty set.

This problem falls under the category of "Number Theory" problems and can be solved using simple arithmetic operations.

We know that each Jumbo burger requires twice as many tomato slices as a Small burger, but they both require only 1 cheese slice. This difference can be used to our advantage.

By subtracting twice the number of cheese slices from the total number of tomato slices, we find out the number of Jumbo burgers that can be made. The remaining number of cheese slices becomes the Small burgers.

However, we also need to consider the constraints of the problem. If the total number of tomato slices is odd, then it is impossible to make an exact number of burgers since both Jumbo and Small burgers require an even number of tomato slices (4 for Jumbo and 2 for Small).

Also, the total number of tomato slices should not be less than twice the number of cheese slices (as each Small burger needs 2 tomato slices), and it should not be more than four times the number of cheese slices (as each Jumbo burger needs 4 tomato slices).

Let's look at a simple example from the problem description:

Example: tomatoSlices = 16, cheeseSlices = 7 :

• Calculate jumboBurger= (tomatoSlices - 2 * cheeseSlices) / 2 = (16 - 2 * 7) / 2 = 1.
• This means we can make 1 Jumbo burger.
• Subtract this from the total cheese slices to find the number of Small burgers = cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers = 7 - 1 = 6.
• So we can make 1 Jumbo burger and 6 Small burgers using all the given slices.

Now, we convert this idea into code for each of the following languages: python, java, javascript, c++, c#.

Python Solution

1
2python
3class Solution:
4    def numOfBurgers(self, tomatoSlices: int, cheeseSlices: int):
5        if tomatoSlices%2==1 or tomatoSlices<2*cheeseSlices or tomatoSlices>4*cheeseSlices:
6            return []
7        
8        jumboBurgers = (tomatoSlices-2*cheeseSlices)//2        
9        return [jumboBurgers, cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers]

Java Solution

1
2java
3public class Solution {
4    public int[] numOfBurgers(int tomatoSlices, int cheeseSlices) {
5        if(tomatoSlices%2==1 || tomatoSlices < 2*cheeseSlices || tomatoSlices > 4*cheeseSlices)
6            return new int[0];
7            
8        int jumboBurgers = (tomatoSlices - 2*cheeseSlices) / 2;
9        return new int[]{jumboBurgers, cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers};
10    }
11}

JavaScript Solution

1
2javascript
3var numOfBurgers = function(tomatoSlices, cheeseSlices) {
4    if(tomatoSlices%2==1 || tomatoSlices<2*cheeseSlices || tomatoSlices>4*cheeseSlices)
5        return [];
6    
7    let jumboBurgers = (tomatoSlices - 2*cheeseSlices) / 2;
8    return [jumboBurgers, cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers];
9};

C++ Solution

1
2c++
3class Solution {
4public:
5  vector<int> numOfBurgers(int tomatoSlices, int cheeseSlices) {
6    if(tomatoSlices%2==1 || tomatoSlices<2*cheeseSlices || tomatoSlices>4*cheeseSlices)
7          return {};
8
9    int jumboBurgers = (tomatoSlices - 2*cheeseSlices) / 2;
10    return {jumboBurgers, cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers};
11  }
12};

C# Solution

1
2csharp
3public class Solution {
4    public int[] NumOfBurgers(int tomatoSlices, int cheeseSlices) {
5        if(tomatoSlices%2 == 1 || tomatoSlices < 2*cheeseSlices || tomatoSlices > 4*cheeseSlices)
6            return new int[0];
7        
8        int jumboBurgers = (tomatoSlices - 2*cheeseSlices) / 2;
9        return new int[] {jumboBurgers, cheeseSlices - jumboBurgers};
10    }
11}

That concludes this problem explanation. We have represented the problem mathematically and then translated that mathematical representation into code for five different programming languages. We understood that this problem requires as inputs the total amount of tomato slices and cheese slices available. Using these inputs, we have to find out the number of Jumbo and Small burgers that can be made without any waste of ingredients.

Remember that such problems, which at first glance might seem complex yet can be solved with simple logical reasoning and mathematical operations, are common in coding interviews and competitive programming.

By solving this problem, you gain a good experience and insights for tackling other similar problems. Understanding the problem thoroughly, identifying the constraints, and coming up with a solution plan is the key to solve such problems.

With practice, you can enhance your problem-solving skills even further and tackle these challenges more efficiently. Remember, every problem gives us an opportunity to learn something new. So, keep solving new problems and keep improving your coding skills.