Minimum Swaps to Group All 1's Together

Given a binary array data, return the minimum number of swaps required to group all 1’s present in the array together in any place in the array.

Example 1:

Input: data = [1,0,1,0,1]
Output: 1
Explanation: There are 3 ways to group all 1's together: [1,1,1,0,0] using 1 swap. [0,1,1,1,0] using 2 swaps. [0,0,1,1,1] using 1 swap. The minimum is 1.

Example 2:

Input: data = [0,0,0,1,0]
Output: 0
Explanation: Since there is only one 1 in the array, no swaps are needed.

Example 3:

Input: data = [1,0,1,0,1,0,0,1,1,0,1]
Output: 3
Explanation: One possible solution that uses 3 swaps is [0,0,0,0,0,1,1,1,1,1,1].

Constraints:

• 1 <= data.length <= 105
• data[i] is either 0 or 1.

This is a classic sliding window question that has a fixed size. We wish to find a window to store all the 1's in the very end, thus we fix the size to the total number of 1's. Since we want to use minimum number of swaps, it will be best if we can find a window with most 1's (or least 0's). Let count1 be the number of 1's in the entire data. We will initialize total to be the number of 1's in the window from index 0 to the count1 (which is the sum of the window). Then, as we slide the window to the right, we remove data[r-count1] from the total and add data[r] to the total so that total is the sum of the new window. Then for each window that has size of count1, we compare for the minimum swaps. Here, we calcluate the swaps count1-total, as the number of swaps is just the number of 0's in the window.

Implementation

1def minSwaps(self, data):
2    count1 = data.count(1)
3    total = 0
4    for i in range(count1): total += data[i]
5    swaps = count1-total
6    for r in range(count1, len(data)):
7        total += data[r]
8        total -= data[r-count1]
9        swaps = min(swaps, count1-total)
10    return swaps