2758. Next Day
Problem Description
In this coding task, the goal is to extend the functionality of the JavaScript Date
object by introducing a new method called nextDay()
. When called on a Date
object, this method should calculate the date for the following day and return it as a string formatted as "YYYY-MM-DD". For example, if the method is invoked on a Date
object representing June 20, 2014, it should return the string "2014-06-21" which represents June 21, 2014.
Intuition
To achieve the result of getting the next day's date, we employ a straightforward approach. By using the Date
object's built-in methods, we can carry out this task with a few steps:
- Get the current date from the
this
reference inside our newnextDay
method. Thethis
keyword refers to theDate
object thatnextDay
is called upon. - Create a copy of the current date to avoid mutating the original
Date
object. - Increment the date of this copied object by one, using the
getDate
andsetDate
methods. This action effectively moves the date forward by one day. - Convert the updated
Date
object into a string formatted as ISO 8601 usingtoISOString
. This will yield a string in the format "YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ". - Extract and return only the date portion from this ISO string (i.e., the first 10 characters, "YYYY-MM-DD").
By following these steps, we conform to JavaScript's date handling and ensure correctness while providing a neatly formatted result.
Solution Approach
The solution leverages the native JavaScript Date
object's methods to achieve the desired functionality. Here's a step-by-step breakdown of the algorithm, patterns, and data structure used in the implementation:
-
Monkey Patching: The solution uses a pattern known as "monkey patching," where a method is added to an existing built-in object at runtime. By extending the
Date
object's prototype, we introduce a new methodnextDay
that becomes available to all instances ofDate
. -
Creating a New Date Instance: A new
Date
object is instantiated usingthis.valueOf()
. ThevalueOf
method returns the primitive value of the specified object. In the case of aDate
object, it returns the number of milliseconds since January 1, 1970, 00:00:00 UTC. This number is used to create a newDate
object which is a copy of the original, ensuring that the originalDate
object remains unchanged. -
Incrementing the Date: By calling
getDate
on the newly createdDate
object, we get the day of the month for the specified date according to local time. We then usesetDate
to advance this value by one, which moves the date to the next day. -
Formatting the Result: The
toISOString
method is used, which converts aDate
object into a string in ISO format (YYYY-MM-DDTHH:mm:ss.sssZ). Since the problem only requires the date component in "YYYY-MM-DD" format,slice(0, 10)
is applied to this string to extract the first ten characters, discarding the time portion. -
Returning the Result: The string representation of the next day in "YYYY-MM-DD" format is then returned.
The solution doesn't directly employ complex data structures or algorithms as it mainly revolves around date manipulation using built-in Date
object methods. The pattern used here is simple and efficient since JavaScript's Date
object internally handles all the complexities related to leap years, time zones, daylight saving time changes, and other date-related quirks.
Here's the implementation based on the approach described:
declare global {
interface Date {
nextDay(): string;
}
}
Date.prototype.nextDay = function () {
const date = new Date(this.valueOf());
date.setDate(date.getDate() + 1);
return date.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
};
/**
* Example usage:
* const date = new Date("2014-06-20");
* console.log(date.nextDay()); // "2014-06-21"
*/
By following these steps, the nextDay
method reliably calculates the next day, formats it appropriately, and integrates seamlessly into the Date
object for convenient usage.
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Start EvaluatorExample Walkthrough
To provide a better understanding of the nextDay
method implementation, let's walk through a small example where we apply the solution approach to a Date
object representing April 30, 2021. This date is of particular interest because the following day is May 1, 2021, which is the start of a new month. Demonstrating the function works across month boundaries ensures it handles more complex cases of date manipulation.
-
Creating the Date Object: We first construct a
Date
object representing April 30, 2021.const date = new Date("2021-04-30");
-
Adding the
nextDay
Method: We could imagine thenextDay
method has already been added to theDate
prototype as described in the solution approach. -
Calling
nextDay
: When we call thenextDay
method on our date object:const nextDayStr = date.nextDay();
-
Inside
nextDay
: Here's what happens within thenextDay
method:- It creates a new
Date
object that represents the same moment in time asdate
by usingthis.valueOf()
. - It then calls
getDate()
on the newDate
object to retrieve the day of the month, which is 30. It then usessetDate()
to increment this value by one. The JavaScriptDate
object automatically handles the transition to the next month, so the internal date representation becomes May 1, 2021. - Finally, it uses
toISOString()
to convert theDate
object to a string in ISO format, followed byslice(0, 10)
to extract the year, month, and day parts.
- It creates a new
-
Result: The
nextDay
method returns the string "2021-05-01" which is the formatted string representing the next day, conforming to the "YYYY-MM-DD" format. This result is stored innextDayStr
.
In summary, on invoking date.nextDay()
, where date
is April 30, 2021, our output will be:
console.log(nextDayStr); // "2021-05-01"
This confirmed our function correctly moves from the last day of April to the first day of May, thereby validating the method's ability to handle month changes seamlessly.
Solution Implementation
1from datetime import datetime, timedelta
2
3# Extend the datetime class by creating a subclass that includes the next_day method.
4class ExtendedDate(datetime):
5 def next_day(self):
6 """
7 Calculate and return the ISO format string of the next day.
8
9 Returns:
10 str: The date string in the format YYYY-MM-DD for the next day.
11 """
12 # Add one day to the current date
13 next_date = self + timedelta(days=1)
14 # Format the date as an ISO date string and return
15 return next_date.strftime('%Y-%m-%d')
16
17# Example usage:
18# Create an instance of ExtendedDate with a specific date
19today = ExtendedDate(2014, 6, 20)
20# Print the string representation of the next day
21print(today.next_day()) # Outputs: "2014-06-21"
22
1import java.util.Calendar;
2import java.util.Date;
3import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
4
5public class ExtendedDate {
6 private Date date;
7
8 // Constructor that initializes the ExtendedDate object with a specific date
9 public ExtendedDate(Date date) {
10 this.date = date;
11 }
12
13 // This method returns the ISO string representation of the next day
14 public String nextDay() {
15 // Getting a Calendar instance based on the current date
16 Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
17 calendar.setTime(date);
18
19 // Adding one day to the current date in the Calendar
20 calendar.add(Calendar.DAY_OF_MONTH, 1);
21
22 // Converting the next day's date to the ISO format (YYYY-MM-DD)
23 SimpleDateFormat isoFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd");
24 return isoFormat.format(calendar.getTime());
25 }
26
27 // Example usage of the ExtendedDate class
28 public static void main(String[] args) {
29 // Initialize a Calendar object with a specific date
30 Calendar calendar = Calendar.getInstance();
31 calendar.set(2014, Calendar.JUNE, 20);
32
33 // Create an ExtendedDate object with the specific date
34 ExtendedDate today = new ExtendedDate(calendar.getTime());
35
36 // Outputs: "2014-06-21", the next day in the ISO date format (YYYY-MM-DD)
37 System.out.println(today.nextDay());
38 }
39}
40
1#include <iostream>
2#include <ctime>
3#include <sstream>
4#include <iomanip>
5
6// Extending the std::tm structure to include the next_day method, by creating a wrapper class around std::tm.
7class Date {
8public:
9 std::tm timeStruct;
10
11 // Constructor that initializes Date object from a string in the format "YYYY-MM-DD".
12 Date(const std::string &isoDate) {
13 std::istringstream ss(isoDate);
14 ss >> std::get_time(&timeStruct, "%Y-%m-%d");
15 // Manual check if get_time failed, if so, populate with current time.
16 if (ss.fail()) {
17 std::time_t t = std::time(nullptr);
18 localtime_s(&timeStruct, &t); // For safety, using localtime_s as it's thread-safe.
19 }
20 }
21
22 // Method to calculate the next day and return it as an ISO string (YYYY-MM-DD).
23 std::string nextDay() const {
24 // Making a copy of timeStruct to modify
25 std::tm nextDayTm = timeStruct;
26 // Increment the day by one; mktime will normalize the tm struct if the day goes beyond the last day of the month
27 nextDayTm.tm_mday++;
28 std::time_t nextDayTime = std::mktime(&nextDayTm);
29
30 // Create a string stream to hold the ISO string representation of the next day
31 std::ostringstream oss;
32 oss << std::put_time(localtime(&nextDayTime), "%Y-%m-%d");
33
34 // Return the next day as an ISO string
35 return oss.str();
36 }
37};
38
39/**
40 * Example usage:
41 * Date today("2014-06-20"); // Initialize a Date object with a specific date.
42 * std::cout << today.nextDay() << std::endl; // Outputs: "2014-06-21", the next day in the ISO date format (YYYY-MM-DD).
43 */
44
45int main() {
46 Date today("2014-06-20"); // Initialize a Date object with a specific date.
47 std::cout << today.nextDay() << std::endl; // Outputs: "2014-06-21"
48 return 0;
49}
50
1// Extending the global Date interface to include the nextDay method.
2interface Date {
3 nextDay(): string;
4}
5
6// Implementing the nextDay method for the Date prototype to get the ISO string of the next day.
7Date.prototype.nextDay = function (): string {
8 const currentDate = new Date(this.valueOf()); // Creating a new date object that represents the current date.
9 currentDate.setDate(currentDate.getDate() + 1); // Adding one day to the current date.
10 return currentDate.toISOString().slice(0, 10); // Converting the next day's date to an ISO string and slicing to get the date part.
11};
12
13/**
14 * Example usage:
15 * const today = new Date("2014-06-20"); // Initialize a Date object with a specific date.
16 * console.log(today.nextDay()); // Outputs: "2014-06-21", the next day in the ISO date format (YYYY-MM-DD).
17 */
18
Time and Space Complexity
The time complexity of the nextDay
method is O(1)
, indicating that it takes a constant amount of time to compute the next day regardless of the size of the input. This is because the internal operations, such as getDate
, setDate
, and toISOString
, are all constant-time operations provided by the Date object's API.
The space complexity is also O(1)
because the additional space used does not grow with the size of the input. A single new Date instance is created, and its use of memory does not depend on the input date.
What's the output of running the following function using the following tree as input?
1def serialize(root):
2 res = []
3 def dfs(root):
4 if not root:
5 res.append('x')
6 return
7 res.append(root.val)
8 dfs(root.left)
9 dfs(root.right)
10 dfs(root)
11 return ' '.join(res)
12
1import java.util.StringJoiner;
2
3public static String serialize(Node root) {
4 StringJoiner res = new StringJoiner(" ");
5 serializeDFS(root, res);
6 return res.toString();
7}
8
9private static void serializeDFS(Node root, StringJoiner result) {
10 if (root == null) {
11 result.add("x");
12 return;
13 }
14 result.add(Integer.toString(root.val));
15 serializeDFS(root.left, result);
16 serializeDFS(root.right, result);
17}
18
1function serialize(root) {
2 let res = [];
3 serialize_dfs(root, res);
4 return res.join(" ");
5}
6
7function serialize_dfs(root, res) {
8 if (!root) {
9 res.push("x");
10 return;
11 }
12 res.push(root.val);
13 serialize_dfs(root.left, res);
14 serialize_dfs(root.right, res);
15}
16
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